Презентація на тему «British influence in the global development of science»
British influence in the global development of science
British influence in the global development of science
to poke out – виглядати, висовуватись;
virtually [ˈvɜːtʃʊəlɪ] – фактично, практично;
human endeavor [ɪnˈdɛvə] – людська діяльність;
motion – рух;
gravity [ˈɡrævɪtɪ] – сила тяжіння;
DNA – ДНК;
application [plɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n] – програми;
persued by people – проведені людьми, «переслідувані» людьми;
controversial [kɒntrəˈvːɜʃ(ə)l] – спірний, дискусійний;
regard to – щодо, відноситись до;
to lay the foundation - закладати фундамент;
force – сила;
the forces acting upon[əˈpɒn] - сили, що діють на ;
influential [ɪnflʊˈɛnʃ(ə)l] – впливовий;
in response to – у відповідь ;
polymath [ˈpɒlɪmæɒ] – ерудит;
via [ˈvaɪə] – через;
immense [ɪˈmɛns] – величезний, колосальний;
cargo [ˈkɑːɡəʊ] – вантаж;
vicinity [vɪˈsɪnɪtɪ] – навколишній район, прилеглий район;
directly [d(a)ɪˈrɛktlɪ] – відразу, негайно;
simultaneously [sɪm(ə)lˈteɪnɪəslɪ] – оддночасно, синхронно;
audible [ˈɔːdɪb(ə)l] – звуковий;
the incandescent light bulb – лампа розжарювання;
relativity [rɛləˈtɪvɪtɪ] - теорія відносності;
equation [ɪˈkweɪʒ(ə)n] – рівняння;
subsequent [ˈsʌbsɪkwənt] – наступний, подальший;
breakthrough [ˈbreɪkθruː] – прорив;
citation [saɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n] – цитування, посилання (на автора);
7 British Inventions
Newton's Laws
Programmable Computer
World Wide Web
Television
Steam Locomotive
Theory of Evolution
Telephone
Important advances made by people from the UK
There are many others major theories, discoveries and applications advanced by scientists from the Great Britain.
The discovery of hydrogen, by Henry Cavendish (1731–1810).
The electric motor, by Michael Faraday (1771–1867), who largely made electricity viable for use in technology.
The theory of aerodynamics, by Sir George Cayley (1773–1857).
The first commercial electrical telegraph, co-invented by Sir William Fothergill Cooke (1806–79) and Charles Wheatstone (1802–75).
The invention of the incandescent light bulb, by Joseph Swan (1826–1914).
The unification of electromagnetism, by James Clerk Maxwell (1831–79).
The discovery of penicillin, by biologist and pharmacologist, Sir Alexander Fleming (1881–1955).
The first meaningful synthesis of quantum mechanics with special relativity by Paul Dirac (1902–84) in the equation named after him, and his subsequent prediction of antimatter.
The invention of the jet engine, by Frank Whittle (1907–96).
The invention of the hovercraft, by Christopher Cockerell (1910–99).
The structure of DNA, by Francis Crick (1916–2004) and others.
The theoretical breakthrough of the Higgs mechanism to explain electroweak symmetry breaking and why some particles have mass, by Peter Higgs (1929-).
Theories in cosmology, quantum gravity and black holes, by Stephen Hawking (1942–).
To sum-up, nowadays, The UK has the most productive research base amongst the G7 (Group of Seven) and other leading research nations. The UK accounts for 3.2% of global expenditure on research and development and has less than 1% of the world's population, but produces:
•t6.4% of global journal articles
•t11.6% citations
•t15.8% of the world's most highly-cited articles.